Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar の例文

最終更新日: 2017/11/03(修正)

TOC

解析例

#001:

孟子見梁惠王
Mencius saw King Hui of Liang.

                        
#001の樹形図#001の樹形図

#002:

亦有仁義而已矣
[I] surely have benevolence and righteousness (to offer you) and that's all.
                        
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#003:

不違農時
[If one] does not go against the proper seasons of agriculture,
                        
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#004:

未有仁義而遺其親者也
There has never been one who was benevolent and righteous yet abandoned his parents.
                        
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#005:

非我也,兵也
It was not I, it was the weapon.
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#006:

是不為也,非不能也
This is not-doing, it is not not-being-able.
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#007:

畏天者也
...is one who fears Heaven.
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#008:

叟之所知也
It is what your reverence well knows.
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#009:

夫非盡人之子與
Are we not all the sons of some man?
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#010:

其正色邪
Is it its true colour?
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#011:

然而至此極者命也夫
That nonetheless I have reached this extremity, is fate, is it not?
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#012:

此文王之勇也
This was King Wén’s courage.
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#013:

是亦走也
This was also running away.
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#014:

皆古聖人也
They were all sages of old.
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#015:

是乃仁術也
This indeed is the technique of rén.
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#016:

乃夫子也。吾貺子。
It was you (and no one else). I will reward you.
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#017:

即不忍其觳觫,若無罪而就死地,故以羊易之
It was indeed that I could not bear its trembling, like an innocent person going to the place of execution, and so changed it for a sheep.
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#018:

必若桀紂者也
... will necessarily be one like Jié or Zhōu.
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#019:

子誠齊人也
You are truly a man of Qí.
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#020:

固所願也
It is certainly what I want.
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#021:

今之樂猶古之樂也
The music of today is like the music of old (from the point of view of the argument).
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#022:

萬乘之國弒其君者必千乘之家
The one who murders the ruler of a country of ten thousand chariots will certainly be (the head of) a family of a thousand chariots.
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#023:

是亂國已
One can tell that this is a disordered country.
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#024:

(君子曰)此亦妄人也已矣
The gentleman will say, ‘I now realize that this is indeed a wild, reckless fellow.’
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#025:

孟子為卿於齊
Mencius was a minister of state in Qí.
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#026:

子為誰
sir make who = Who are you?
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#027:

不為不多矣
not make not many PERFECT = is (already) not not-many.
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#028:

人皆可以為堯舜
Men can all be a Yao or Shun.
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#029:

老而無妻曰鰥
To be old and without a wife is called ‘guān.’
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#030:

(公曰)是其生也與吾同物,命之曰同
The duke said, ‘This one in his birth is of the same substance as me.’ He named him Tong (‘Same’).
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#031:

所臨唯信
What they (the spirits) attend is only good faith.
#031の樹形図#031の依存関係図
            

#032:

惟義所在
It is only where right behaviour lies (that a great man places his words and.
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#033:

可以為美乎
... could [Ox Mountain] be (i.e., remain) beautiful [when its trees were all cut down to supply wood for the nearby city]?
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#034:

(若)(夫)豪傑之士
(As for) heroic knights
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#035:

則無望民之多於鄰國也
... then do not hope that your people will be more than [those of] the neighbouring countries.
#035の樹形図#035の依存関係図
            

#036:

物皆然,心為甚
Things are all like that and the heart is most so.
#036の樹形図a#036bの樹形図#036の依存関係図
            

#037:

王請大之
I beg Your Majesty to make it great.
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#038:

叟不遠千里而來
You have come, sir, not regarding 1,000 lǐ as too far.
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#039:

百姓安之
The common people were peaceful under him.
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#040:

則不能安子思
... then he could not make Zǐsī content.
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#041:

故湯之於伊尹學焉而後臣之
Thus Tang’s [behaviour] towards Yìyǐn was to learn from him and afterwards make him his subject.
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#042:

爾欲吳王我乎
Do you want to King-of-Wu me (= treat me in the way the King of Wú was treated)?
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#043:

君君臣臣父父子子
Let the ruler act as a ruler should, the minister as a minister, the father as a father, the son as a son.
#043の樹形図#043の依存関係図
						

#044:

為臣而君亡之本也
For one who is a minister to act as a ruler is the root of perdition.
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#045:

醫來
The physician came.
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#046:

雞鳴而起…者
He who gets up when the cock crows ...
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#047:

故遠人不服則脩文德以來之
Therefore, if distant people do not submit, cultivate civil virtue so as to make them come.
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#048:

則苗勃然興之矣
... then the sprouts suddenly spring up in response to it [the rain].
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#049:

吾有司死者三十三人而民莫之死也。
Thirty-three of my officers died and none of the people was willing to die for them.
#049の樹形図#049の依存関係図
						

#050:

七十者衣帛食肉
When seventy year olds wear silk and eat meat ...
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#051:

師行而糧食
The host proceeds and supplies are eaten.
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#052:

賢者與民并耕而食
The worthy plough and eat together with the common people.
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#053:

勞心者治人勞力者治於人治於人者食人治人者食於人
Those who labour with their minds [literally: labour their minds] rule others, those who labour with their strength are ruled by others. Those who are ruled by others feed others, those who rule others are fed by others.
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#054:

芻蕘者往焉
The gatherers of hay and firewood went there.
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#055:

將之楚
... was going to go to Chu.
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#056:

就之而不見所畏焉
Going up to him, I did not see anything to fear (= awesome) in him.
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#057:

掘井九軔而不及泉
To dig a well to a depth of nine rèn (seventy-two feet) and not reach the spring ...
#057の樹形図#057の依存関係図
						

#058:

故及於難
Therefore he encountered calamities.
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#059:

昔者大王居邠狄人侵之去之岐山之下居焉
In former times King Tài dwelt in Bīn. The Dí invaded it and he left and went to beneath Mount Qí and dwelt there.
#059の樹形図
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#060:

亦有仁義而已矣
(I) surely have only benevolence and righteousness [to offer you].

#002を見よ。

#061:

仁者無敵
The man of benevolence has no match.
#061の樹形図#061の依存関係図
						

#062:

未有義而後其君者也
There has never been one who was righteous and put his ruler last.
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#063:

無君子莫治野人無野人莫養君子
If there were no gentlemen, there would be no one to rule the rustics; if there were no rustics, there would be no one to support the gentlemen.
#063の樹形図
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#064:

塗有餓莩
On the roads there are people dying of hunger.
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#065:

於我心有戚戚焉
In my heart there was a responsive feeling.
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#066:

王之臣有託其妻子於其友而之楚者
[Suppose that] there was one of Your Majesty’s ministers who entrusted his wife and children to a friend and travelled to Chǔ ...
#066の樹形図
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#067:

交鄰國有道乎
Is there a way for dealing with neighbouring countries?
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#068:

能與人規矩
... can give a man a compass or a square ...
#068の樹形図
# CoNLL-U SVG Viewer (Left-to-Right) by 安岡孝一, October 20, 2017.
# Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8 columns are used.
1 能 能	AUX v,助動詞,可能	_ 2 aux	_ SpaceAfter=No
2 與 與	VERB 動詞,行為,得失	_ 0 root	_ SpaceAfter=No
3 人 人	NOUN n,名詞,行為,使役	_ 2 obj	_ SpaceAfter=No
4 規 規	NOUN n,名詞,可搬,道具	_ 2 obj	_ SpaceAfter=No
5 矩 矩	NOUN n,名詞,可搬,道具	_ 4 conj 	_ SpaceAfter=No



#069:

授孟子室
... to give Mencius a house ...
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#070:

后稷教人稼穡
Hòu Jì taught the people sowing and reaping.
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#071:

堯以天下與舜
Yáo with the world gave Shùn = Yáo gave the world to Shùn
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#072:

教人以善
... teaching others goodness ...
#072の樹形図#072の依存関係図
						

#073:

以告孟子
He told it to Mencius.
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#074:

不告於王
... without reporting it to the king ...
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#075:

南氏生男,則以告於君與大夫而立之
If Lady Nán should give birth to a male child, I would announce it to the ruler and the great officers and establish him [as heir].
#075の樹形図#075の依存関係図
						

#076:

奪之食
by robbing him of his food
#076の樹形図#076の依存関係図
						

#077:

吾嘗聞大勇於夫子矣
I once heard about great courage from the master.
#077の樹形図#077の依存関係図
						

#078:

臣聞之胡齕曰…
I heard it from Húhé that ...
#078の樹形図#078の依存関係図
						

#079:

或聞乎曾西曰…
Someone asked Zēng Xī ...
#079の樹形図#079の依存関係図
						

#080:

或問之曰…
Someone asked him ...
#080の樹形図#080の依存関係図
						

#081:

重為之禮而歸之
He treated him with great ceremony and sent him home.
#081の樹形図#081の依存関係図
						

#082:

求也為季氏宰
Qiú was steward for the Jì clan.
#082の樹形図#082の依存関係図
						

#083:

人皆謂我毀明堂
People all tell me to destroy the Hall of Light.
#083の樹形図#083の依存関係図
						

#084:

謂其臺曰靈臺
They called his tower the spirit tower.
#084の樹形図#084の依存関係図
						

#085:

孟子謂齊宣王曰
Mencius said to King Xuān of Qí ...
#085の樹形図#085の依存関係図
						

#086:

子若國何
What are you, sir, going to do about the country?
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#087:

無若諸侯之屬辱在寡君者何
We have no way of providing for the retinues of feudal lords who condescend to visit us.
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#088:

若之何子之不言也
What is to be done about your not speaking?
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#089:

如之何其使斯民飢而死也
What would he have said about their causing these people to die of hunger?
#089の樹形図#089の依存関係図