Outline of Classical Chinese Grammarの例文

解析例

#001:

孟子見梁惠王

Mencius saw King Hui of Liang.

#002:

亦有仁義而已矣

[I] surely have benevolence and righteousness (to offer you) and that's all.

#003:

不違農時

[If one] does not go against the proper seasons of agriculture,

#004:

未有仁義而遺其親者也

There has never been one who was benevolent and righteous yet abandoned his parents.

#005:

非我也，兵也

It was not I, it was the weapon.

#006:

是不為也，非不能也

This is not-doing, it is not not-being-able.

#007:

畏天者也

...is one who fears Heaven.

#008:

叟之所知也

It is what your reverence well knows.

#009:

夫非盡人之子與

Are we not all the sons of some man?

#010:

其正色邪

Is it its true colour?

#011:

然而至此極者命也夫

That nonetheless I have reached this extremity, is fate, is it not?

#012:

此文王之勇也

This was King Wén’s courage.

#013:

是亦走也

This was also running away.

#014:

皆古聖人也

They were all sages of old.

#015:

是乃仁術也

This indeed is the technique of rén.

#016:

乃夫子也。吾貺子。

It was you (and no one else). I will reward you.

#017:

即不忍其觳觫，若無罪而就死地，故以羊易之

It was indeed that I could not bear its trembling, like an innocent person going to the place of execution, and so changed it for a sheep.

#018:

必若桀紂者也

... will necessarily be one like Jié or Zhōu.

#019:

子誠齊人也

You are truly a man of Qí.

#020:

固所願也

It is certainly what I want.

#021:

今之樂猶古之樂也

The music of today is like the music of old (from the point of view of the argument).

#022:

萬乘之國弒其君者必千乘之家

The one who murders the ruler of a country of ten thousand chariots will certainly be (the head of) a family of a thousand chariots.

#023:

是亂國已

One can tell that this is a disordered country.

#024:

（君子曰）此亦妄人也已矣

The gentleman will say, ‘I now realize that this is indeed a wild, reckless fellow.’

#025:

孟子為卿於齊

Mencius was a minister of state in Qí.

#026:

子為誰

sir make who = Who are you?

#027:

不為不多矣

not make not many PERFECT = is (already) not not-many.

#028:

人皆可以為堯舜

Men can all be a Yao or Shun.

#029:

老而無妻曰鰥

To be old and without a wife is called ‘guān.’

#030:

（公曰）是其生也與吾同物，命之曰同

The duke said, ‘This one in his birth is of the same substance as me.’ He named him Tong (‘Same’).

#031:

所臨唯信

What they (the spirits) attend is only good faith.

#032:

惟義所在

It is only where right behaviour lies (that a great man places his words and.

#033:

可以為美乎

... could [Ox Mountain] be (i.e., remain) beautiful [when its trees were all cut down to supply wood for the nearby city]?

#034:

（若）（夫）豪傑之士

(As for) heroic knights

#035:

則無望民之多於鄰國也

... then do not hope that your people will be more than [those of] the neighbouring countries.

#036:

物皆然，心為甚

Things are all like that and the heart is most so.

#037:

王請大之

I beg Your Majesty to make it great.

#038:

叟不遠千里而來

You have come, sir, not regarding 1,000 lǐ as too far.

#039:

百姓安之

The common people were peaceful under him.

#040:

則不能安子思

... then he could not make Zǐsī content.

#041:

故湯之於伊尹學焉而後臣之

Thus Tang’s [behaviour] towards Yìyǐn was to learn from him and afterwards make him his subject.

#042:

爾欲吳王我乎

Do you want to King-of-Wu me (= treat me in the way the King of Wú was treated)?

#043:

君君臣臣父父子子

Let the ruler act as a ruler should, the minister as a minister, the father as a father, the son as a son.

#044:

為臣而君亡之本也

For one who is a minister to act as a ruler is the root of perdition.

#045:

醫來

The physician came.

#046:

雞鳴而起…者

He who gets up when the cock crows ...

#047:

故遠人不服則脩文德以來之

Therefore, if distant people do not submit, cultivate civil virtue so as to make them come.

#048:

則苗勃然興之矣

... then the sprouts suddenly spring up in response to it [the rain].

#049:

吾有司死者三十三人而民莫之死也。

Thirty-three of my officers died and none of the people was willing to die for them.

#050:

七十者衣帛食肉

When seventy year olds wear silk and eat meat ...

#051:

師行而糧食

The host proceeds and supplies are eaten.

#052:

賢者與民并耕而食

The worthy plough and eat together with the common people.

#053:

勞心者治人勞力者治於人治於人者食人治人者食於人

Those who labour with their minds [literally: labour their minds] rule others, those who labour with their strength are ruled by others. Those who are ruled by others feed others, those who rule others are fed by others.

#054:

芻蕘者往焉

The gatherers of hay and firewood went there.

#055:

將之楚

... was going to go to Chu.

#056:

就之而不見所畏焉

Going up to him, I did not see anything to fear (= awesome) in him.

#057:

掘井九軔而不及泉

To dig a well to a depth of nine rèn (seventy-two feet) and not reach the spring ...

#058:

故及於難

Therefore he encountered calamities.

#059:

昔者大王居邠狄人侵之去之岐山之下居焉

In former times King Tài dwelt in Bīn. The Dí invaded it and he left and went to beneath Mount Qí and dwelt there.

#060:

亦有仁義而已矣

(I) surely have only benevolence and righteousness [to offer you].

#002を見よ。

#061:

仁者無敵

The man of benevolence has no match.

#062:

未有義而後其君者也

There has never been one who was righteous and put his ruler last.

#063:

無君子莫治野人無野人莫養君子

If there were no gentlemen, there would be no one to rule the rustics; if there were no rustics, there would be no one to support the gentlemen.

#064:

塗有餓莩

On the roads there are people dying of hunger.

#065:

於我心有戚戚焉

In my heart there was a responsive feeling.

#066:

王之臣有託其妻子於其友而之楚者

[Suppose that] there was one of Your Majesty’s ministers who entrusted his wife and children to a friend and travelled to Chǔ ...

#067:

交鄰國有道乎

Is there a way for dealing with neighbouring countries?

Outline of Classical Chinese Grammar の例文

TOC

解析例

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