Topic Maps are based on an abstract data model
Topic Maps can be saved and exchanged in many different ways
XML Topic Maps define an exchange format for topic maps
A XML Topic Map document is expressed in the syntax defined by the XML Topic Maps specification (http://www.topicmaps.org/xtm/1.0)
The Topic Map standard also includes Public Subject Identifiers (PSI) that can be used to refer to common subjects across Topic Maps.