海外Digital Humanitiesの動向と日本

Table of Contents

What is Digital Humanities?

  • The same as Humanities, just digital?
  • But how does "digital" change the game?
  • Digital Humanist as "user", "producer" or "practitioner"
    • not a "service provider", but a participant in an ongoing discussion?
  • Digital Humanities as a dialog between developer and researcher?

Changing names and activities…

  • in academic societies:
    • ACH: Association for Computers and the Humanities [USA]
      • founded in 1978
    • ALLC: Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing [Europe]
    • COCH/COSH or Consortium for Computers in the Humanities/Consortium pour ordinateurs en sciences humaines (Announcement on Humanist 1989-02-23) [Canada]
      • Society for Digital Humanities / Société pour l'étude des médias interactifs (SDH/SEMI) (after 2005?)
    • Association for Computational Linguistics [USA]
      • founded in 1960 as Association for Machine Translation and Computational Linguistics (AMTCL). It became the ACL in 1968. In the first year or two membership seems to have been about
        1. (cf. http://www.aclweb.org/archive/misc/History.html)
      • no association with ADHO
    • ADHO: Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations [International]
      • discussions started 2002 at the ALLC/ACH conference in Tübingen
      • since 2007, the ALLC/ACH conferences are held by ADHO as Digital Humanities Conferences
  • in journal titles:
  • eHumanities (European 7 framework program)

Publications

  • HUMANIST discussion group (established 1987), now at http://digitalhumanities.org/humanist/
  • Willard McCarty: Humanities Computing, Houndmills, Hampshire and New York, 2005 (Palgrave MacMillan)
  • Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens and John Unsworth (ed.): A Companion to Digital Humanities, Malden MA, Oxford and Victoria, 2004 (Blackwell Publishing). (available online at http://www.digitalhumanities.org/companion/)

Keyword: modeling

  • DH is not using the knowledge jukebox, but employing the computer as a modeling tool for research in humanities
  • The charlatans in humanities computing (cf. Tito Orlandi http://rmcisadu.let.uniroma1.it/~orlandi/mccarty1.html and John Unsworth http://www3.isrl.illinois.edu/~unsworth/mith.00.html)

    Charlatans—a strong word, I know—are, in Professor Orlandi’s view, people who present as “humanities computing” some body of work that is not: it may be computer-based (for example, it may be published on the Web), and it may present very engaging content, but if it doesn’t have a way to be wrong, if one can’t say whether it does or doesn’t work, whether it is or isn’t internally consistent and logically coherent, then it’s something other than humanities computing.

Keyword: collaboration

  • The times of the lonesome scholar are gone
    • In the west, research in Humanities is (was) largely a solipsistic activity, jointly authored articles are rare.
    • Japan is different: long tradition of collaborative work (共同研究)
  • Digital Humanities thrives on collaboration
    • shift from cooperation (協力関係) to collaboration (共同作業)　[Unsworth]
    • "collaboration" in DH2009: 76, DH2008: 67
    • "cooperation" in DH2009: 8, DH2008: 7
  • Japan has some potential here, but there are difficulties

    ./ndts.png

    New Directions in Textual Scholarship

    • No awareness of the advantages of standardization
  • Two examples
    • Nines [Networked Infrastructure for Nineteenth-Century Electronic Scholarship] (http://www.nines.org) "Searching 453,491 peer-reviewed digital objects from 71 federated sites"

      ./nines.png

      Nines start screen

    • TextGrid: http://www.textgrid.de/

    ./textgrid.png

    Text Grid working environment

  • other problems: cf "The open scholar" http://www.academicevolution.com/2009/08/the-open-scholar.html
    • Open Notebook science

Keyword: standardization

  • prerequisite for collaboration and cooperation in the Digital Age
  • Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), since 1987
    • A research community centered around digital text
    • Recommendations and reasoning for representing electronic text
    • A format for interchange of text
  • Other practices and protocols need standardization

Author: Christian Wittern <chris@chw-air.local>

Date: 2010-02-24 13:03:46 JST

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